different ways to show the existence of an object

 Here is a summary of different ways to show the existence of an object:

to show the existence of an object: Place + 有（you) + object  note:  place = 在 + Location+ 上 / 下 / 里 / 旁边/中间)	宿舍里 有 一张床。 There is a bed in the dorm.
to identify the object in certain place: Place + 是(shi) + object	柜子上 是 一个灯。 It is a lamp on the closet.
to emphasize how the things exist: Place + verb-着+ object verbs: 放 fang4 to put 摆 bai3 to display 挂 gua4 to hang	柜子 上 放着 一个灯。 There is a lamp put on the closet. 柜子(gui zi) 上 摆着(bai zhe) 一个灯(deng)。 There is a lamp displayed on the closet. 墙上（qiang2 shang4)  挂着(gua4 zhe) 两个帽子（mao zi )。 There are two hats hanging on the wall.
to show the location of the objects: Something + 在(zai) + Place	书包 在 地毯（di4 tan3)上。 The bag is on the carpet

有 vs. V着

More examples: 

手里有一杯茶                 手里拿着一杯茶

桌子上有一本书                    桌子上放着一本书

教室里有二十个学生            教室里坐着二十个学生

教室里有一位老师                教室里站着一位老师

衣架上有一件大衣                衣架上挂着一件大衣

墙上有一张照片                    墙上贴着一张照片

黑板上有一个字                    黑板上写着一个字

Questions: How to say these 4 sentennces in Mandarin 

1. There is a chair in front of the table.(Place + 有 + object ) 

2. There is a jacket hanging on the chair. (Place + verb-着+ object)

3. The blanket is on the bed.(Something + 在 + Place) 

4. It is a backpack on the carpet. (Place + 是 + object)

note: place = 在 + Location+ 上边 / 下边 / 左边/右边/前边/后边/ 里边 / 旁边/中间)

“又……又”vs“既……又”

１、两句主语不同时只能用“又……又”：

山又高，路又滑，困难是不少。

天气又不好，人手又不够，让我怎么按时完成任务啊？

２、多项并列只能用“又……又”：

她又去过韩国，又去过日本，又去过新加坡。

她又能说汉语，又能说英语，又能说日语。

３、连接主语相同的两个动词或形容词时，都能用：

他们既爱看电视，又爱看电影。/他们又爱看电视，又爱看电影。

她既聪明又用功。/她又聪明又用功。

more

https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing_%22both…_and…%22_with_%22ji...you%22

https://improvemandarin.com/chinese-pattern-ji-you/

难道 vs. 莫非

难道=难不成

莫非=莫不是

“难道”比“莫非”更为常用。
难道他不来了？
莫非他不来了？

难道不是你写的信？
（“莫非”无法在这个例句里进行替换，会显得晦涩）

在口语中，“难道”更为常用。

 难道：副词。加强反问的语气：你能学好外语，难道我就不能？

难道 seems a bit more informal, more common and it also seems to strengthen the rhetorical nature of the sentence, therefore a response is not necessary.

莫非：副词。表示揣测或反问：莫非我看错了人？

莫非 seems a bit more formal, less common and although also used most often in rhetorical questions, it may be more likely to receive a response.

北京土著

演唱：张伯宏

切一片西瓜四五两

真正的薄皮脆沙瓤

当四合院的茶房飘着茉莉花儿香

夏天的炎热全部被遗忘掉

酌一杯佳酿漂远方

胡同里酒香醉人肠

当老城角的夕阳回荡拨浪鼓儿响

北京的土著有一点点感伤

我一个人蹲在墙根儿没人der

眼睛愣着神儿心中纳着闷儿

怎么今天的我这么没有精气神儿哟

好像写歌词写丢了魂儿哟

大清早路边的馄饨摊儿

一个板儿农骑着板儿车拉着板儿砖上班

豆腐脑一块钱一碗

风声中飘着京韵大鼓的小段

喝一碗豆汁就一个焦圈

青花瓷罐滚着麦芽香的油渣

胡同口的小贩串着冰糖葫芦串

旁边的茶馆摆着一张马三立的相片

缸比盆深盆比碗深碗比碟子深

waiting for your consideration

一放好多年它还是这么哏那

北京的土著pay attention

切一片西瓜四五两

真正的薄皮脆沙瓤

当四合院的茶房飘着茉莉花儿香

夏天的炎热全部被遗忘掉

酌一杯佳酿漂远方

胡同里酒香醉人肠

当老城角的夕阳回荡拨浪鼓儿响

北京的土著有一点点感伤

站累了蹲着蹲累了坐着

坐累了躺着躺累了趴着

趴累了睡着睡不着眯着

养一只八哥是倍有面子

做人要厚道要知道礼貌

见人要问好千万不要迟到

斤斤计较只会自寻烦恼

不如微笑世界无限美好

公园里老头牵着他的老伴

七八十岁走起路来还是那么有范

含一根冰棍穿一件背心

周口店的血统是非常的纯正

就在那右右右右安门的旁边

有一家狗狗狗狗不理的包子

切切切切糕买了半斤

逛一个天桥好似神仙

就在那右右右右安门的旁边

有一家狗狗狗狗不理的门脸

切切切糕买了半斤

逛一个天桥好似神仙

切一片西瓜四五两

真正的薄皮脆沙瓤

当

夏天的炎热全部被遗忘掉

酌一杯佳酿漂远方

胡同里酒香醉人肠

北京的土著有一点点感伤

切一片西瓜四五两

真正的薄皮脆沙瓤

当

夏天的炎热全部被遗忘掉

酌一杯佳酿漂远方

胡同里酒香醉人肠

北京的土著有一点点感伤

切一片西瓜四五两

真正的薄皮脆沙瓤

酌一杯佳酿漂远方

胡同里酒香醉人肠

北京的土著有一点点感伤

Non-predicative adjectives （非谓 形容词）

Non-predicative adjectives:

There are many kinds of non-predicative adjectives in English. A few examples:

• former president
• electrical engineer
• alleged criminal
• main reason

In Chinese, there are non-predicative adjectives like:

男: 男老师

女: 女医生

副: 副教授

彩色: 彩色电视

初级 : 初级汉语

个别: 个别问题

共同: 共同话题

主要: 主要矛盾

高档: 高档酒店

西式: 西式早餐

冒牌: 冒牌大衣

人造: 人造奶油

大号: 大号衬衫

1. 不能用作谓语，只能用来修饰名词。例如：

男老师

l  他的老师很男。*   他的老师是男的（人）。

l  有机 水果  这个水果 是有机的（水果）。

l  名牌 运动鞋  这个运动鞋 是名牌的。

l  纯棉 衬衫  这个衬衫 是 纯棉的。

2. 一般不能用“不”否定，大多可用“非”否定；大多不能用“很”修饰。例如：

非有机、非名牌、非纯棉 

l  这件衬衫 不纯棉。* 

l  这条牛仔裤 不名牌。* 

l  这个小白菜 不有机。*

 

3. 跟一般的形容词一样，可以加“的”组成“的”字词组，作用相当于名词，可以作主语、宾语。例如：

田老师很男。*   田老师是男的（人）。

有机 水果  这个水果 是有机的（水果）。

名牌 运动鞋  这个运动鞋 是名牌的。

纯棉 衬衫  这个衬衫 是 纯棉的。

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1b6PTqy4A-xl7AGrH1agEi7teXc00g4vEZRt9TCOKnQY/edit?usp=sharing

看动画，学习成语故事

• 东床快婿
• 自相矛盾
• 井底之蛙
• 东施效颦 （00:00 - 1:54）
• 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯

Questions:

1. Why didn’t the official let people address him by his own name?
2. What did his name sound like?
3. What did the announcement say? What did it really mean?
4. What did the commoners mean by 只許州官放火，不許百姓點燈 / 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯？

• 破镜重圆

Questions:

1. What did Xu Deyan give his wife?

2. Why did he separate the mirror into two parts?

3. What did he ask his wife to do in case they got separated?

4. When did they decide on to look for each other?

5. Whom did Xu Deyan meet on the street?

6. How did Xu Deyan find his wife?

7. What is 破鏡重圓 / 破镜重圆 a metaphor for?

• 花木兰的故事
• 《木兰辞》朗诵https://youtu.be/WpgyS2EHK3U
  
• 《木兰辞》解析 https://youtu.be/oQEI5PKMjgI

Questions:

1. What did Mulan’s father say to her?

2. How many brothers did Mulan have?

3. Did Mulan do a good job in the army?

4. Why were her fellow soldiers surprised when Mulan returned home?

5. How did Mulan respond to people?

• 中国的名医
• 李时珍：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0OsGlirjcw
• 华佗：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1uQrf0txto&list=PLUM8x224JrX9UI0SJGgCQCGOHHm2d--1k&index=62

Questions (True/False):

1. 華陀和張仲景都是漢代的醫學家。

    华陀和张仲景都是汉代的医学家。

2. 華陀也很懂藥。

    华陀也很懂药。

 3. 張仲景認為醫生應該儘可能讓人不生病。

     张仲景认为医生应该尽可能让人不生病。

 4. 《本草綱目》和《傷寒論》一樣，都是藥物學方面的書。

     《本草纲目》和《伤寒论》一样，都是药物学方面的书。

to think -- 想，感觉，觉得，以为，认为

There's actually a LOT of ways to express "think" in Chinese. There's also '看“, like in this sentence: 你看怎么样？(what do you think?) and 感觉(which is much like 觉得).

以为　means to "mistakenly think" something.　The same way in English when you say you *thought* something, it implies that what you were thinking is in fact not true. 我以为他没有女朋友－I thought he didn't have a girlfriend. [but he actually does].

认为 is more like "believe" as in "我认为很多人住美国，可是我没去过，这就是我的想像。(I believe many people live in America, but I haven't been there. This is just my thinking.) 想 has a few meanings: to think of someone/something, to think (contemplate), to want/would like to. It is like the desire of wanting to do something, but not necessarily meaning the action will happen: 我想出去外面，可是没什么打算。－I would like to go outside, but I don't have any plans. It also means 'to think', 我在想办法:I'm thinking of a method. 我想你 - I miss you. 想 is the most flexible out of all of them because it has so many meanings. 觉得 means "to think/feel." 我觉得她很可爱－　I think she is so cute[this is my opinion] 我觉得不舒服－ I don't feel well.

感觉 = feel or feeling 
我感觉不到它 = I can't feel it.
我感觉好点了 = i feel better.
不好的感觉 = bad feeling

感到 = feel or realize
我感到很抱歉 = I feel sorry. or I'm sorry.