Tuesday, January 30, 2018

greetings

1. Nice to meet you. (to an old friend)
Rènshì nǐ hěn gāoxìng.
认识你很高兴。

2.Nice to meet you. (to a new friend)
Jiàn dào nǐ hěn gāoxìng.
见到你很高兴。

3. to show your modesty 
Qǐng duō guānzhào
请多关照 (please treat me kindly)

4.to show your modesty 
qǐng duō zhǐjiào
请多指教 (please give me advices)

名片Míngpiàn(Business Card)

Please use the sample business cards as an example to make your own by including the following information:


  • 单位名称Dānwèi míngchēng (Name of your company/organization)
  • 姓名Xìngmíng (name)
  • 职位zhíwèi (duty/ position)
  • 地址dìzhǐ (address)
  • 电话diànhuà (telephone number)
  • 邮箱yóuxiāng (email address)
  • 传真Chuánzhēn (fax)
  • 网址wǎngzhǐ (website)
  • 一日三餐 yī rì sān cān

    English proverb 
    (英语谚语,Yīngyǔ yànyǔ)
    "Breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, supper like a pauper. "

    • 早饭要吃饱,Zǎofàn yào chī bǎo, Breakfast, eat (a lot and) be full.
    • 午饭要吃好,wǔfàn yào chī hǎo, Lunch, eat well.
    • 晚饭要吃少。wǎnfàn yào chī shǎo. Dinner, eat less.
    quiz
    please fill in the blanks:
    • 早饭要吃饱,
    • Zǎofàn yào chī ____, 
    • Breakfast, eat (a lot and) be full.
    • 午饭要吃好,
    • wǔfàn yào chī ____, 
    • Lunch, eat well.
    • 晚饭要吃少。
    • wǎnfàn yào chī ____. 
    • Dinner, eat less.

    Monday, January 29, 2018

    科学实验

    杠杆原理


    轮轴与滑轮


    轮轴是中间有一个中心转轴的圆轮。轮轴相当一个省力的杠杆为了省力(原理是省力杠杆)
    滑轮是由一条绳子饶过一个圆轮的整体系统叫做滑轮。而滑轮分两种 定滑轮是为了改变的作用方向(原理是等臂杠杆) 动滑轮是为了省力(原理是省力杠杆


    NyoNyo Channel

    Monday, January 8, 2018

    《差不多先生传》

    《差不多先生的故事》

     差不多先生
    Mr. About-the-Same
    (Written by 胡适, Translated by Zhang Peiji)

    1. 你知道中国有名的人是谁?提起此人,人人皆晓,处处闻名,他姓差,名不多,是各省各县各村人氏。你一定见过他,一定听别人谈起他。差不多先生的名字天天挂在大家的口头上,因为他是中国全国人的代表。
    2. 差不多先生的相貌和你我都差不多。他有一双眼睛,但看的不很清楚;有两只耳朵,但听的不很分明;有鼻子和嘴,但他对于气味和口味都不很讲究;他的脑子也不小,但他的记性却不很精明,他的思想也不很细密。
    3. 他常常说:“凡事只要差不多,就好了。何必太精明呢?”
    4. 他小的时候,他妈叫他去买红糖,他买了白糖回来,他妈骂他,他摇摇头道:“红糖白糖不是差不多吗?”
    5. 他在学堂的时候,先生问他:“直隶省的西边是哪一省?”他说是陕西。先生说:“错了。是山西,不是陕西。”他说:“陕西同山西不是差不多吗?”
    6. 后来他在一个店铺里做伙计,他也会写,也会算,只是总不精细,十字常常写成千字,千字常常写成十字。掌柜的生气了,常常骂他,他只是笑嘻嘻地赔小心道:“千字比十字只多一小撇,不是差不多吗?”
    7. 有一天,他为了一件要紧的事,要搭火车到上海去。他从从容容地走到火车站,迟了两分钟,火车已开走了。他白瞪着眼,望着远远的火车上的煤烟,摇摇头道:“只好明天再走了,今天走同明天走,也还差不多。可是火车公司,未免太认真了。8点30分开,同8点32分开,不是差不多吗?”他一面说,一面慢慢地走回家,心里总不很明白为什么火车不肯等他两分钟。
    8. 有一天,他忽然得一急病,赶快叫家人去请东街的汪先生。那家人急急忙忙地跑去,一时寻不着东街汪大夫,却把西街的牛医王大夫请来了。差不多先生病在床上,知道寻错了人,但病急了,身上痛苦,心里焦急,等不得了,心里想到:“好在王大夫同汪大夫也差不多,让他试试看吧。”于是这位牛医王大夫走近床前,用医牛的法子给差不多先生治病。不上一点钟,差不多先生就一命呜呼了。
    9. 差不多先生差不多要死的时候,一口气断断续续地说道:“活人同死人也差……差……差……不多……凡是只要……差……差……不多……就……好了……何……何……必……太……太认真呢?”他说完这句格言,方才绝气了。
    10. 他死后,大家都很称赞差不多先生样样事情看得破,想得通,大家都说他一生不肯认真,不肯算帐,不肯计较,真是一位有德行的人,于是大家给他取个死后的法号,叫他做圆通大师。
    11. 他的名誉越传越远,越久越大。无数无数都学他的榜样。于是人人都成了一个差不多先生,然而中国从此就成了一个懒人国了。
    TRANSLATION by Zhang Peiji
    1. Do you know who is the most well-known person in China? The name of this person is a household word all over the country. His surname is Cha and his given name, Buduo, which altogether mean “About the Same”. He is a native of every province, every county and every village in this country. You must have seen or heard about this person. His name is always on the lips of everybody because he is representative of the whole Chinese nation.
    2. Mr. Cha Buduo has the same physiognomy as you and I. He has a pair of eyes, but doesn’t see clearly. He has a pair of ears, but doesn’t hear well. He has a nose and a mouth, but lacks a keen sense of smell and taste. His brain is none too small, but he is weak in memory and sloppy in thinking.
    3. He often says, “Whatever we do, it’s OK to be just about right. What’s the use of being precise and accurate?” 
    4. One day, when he was a child, his mother sent him out to buy her some brown sugar, but he returned with some white sugar instead. As his mother scolded him about it, he shook his head and said, “Brown sugar or white sugar, aren’t they about the same?”
    5. One day in school. The teacher asked him, “Which province borders Hebei on the west?” He answered, “Shaanxi.” The teacher corrected him, “You are wrong. It’s Shanxi, not Shaanxi.” He retorted, “Shaanxi or Shanxi, aren’t they about the same?”
    6. Later Mr. Cha Buduo served as an assistant at a shop. He could write and calculate all right, but his mathematics were too often faulty. He would mistake the Chinese character 十 (meaning 10) for 千 (meaning 1000)or vice versa. The shop owner was infuriated and often took him to task. But he would only explain apologetically with a grin, “The character千differs from 十in merely having one additional short stroke. Aren’t they about the same?”
    7. One day, he wanted to go to Shanghai by train on urgent business. But he arrived at the railway station unhurriedly only to find the train already gone, because he was two minutes late. He stood staring helplessly at the smoke belching from the diminishing train, and shook his head, “Well, all I can do is leave tomorrow. After all, today and tomorrow are about the same. But isn’t the railway company taking it too seriously? What’s the difference between departing at 8:30 and 8:32?” He walked home slowly while talking to himself and kept puzzling over why the train hadn’t waited for him for two minutes more.
    8. One day he suddenly fell in ill and immediately told one of his families to fetch Dr. Wang of East Street. The latter went in a hurry, but couldn’t find the physician on East Street. So he fetched instead of Veterinarian Wang of West Street. Mr. Cha Buduo, lying on his sickbed, knew that a wrong person had been brought home. But, what with pain and worry, he could ill afford to wait any longer. So he said to himself, “Luckily, Vet Wang is about the same as Dr. Wang. Why not let Vet Wang have a try?” Thereupon, the veterinarian walked up to his bed to work on him as if he were a cow. Consequently, Mr. Cha Buduo kicked the bucket before an hour was out.
    9. When Mr. Cha Buduo was about to breathe his last, he uttered intermittently in one breath, “Live or die, it’s about…about…the same… Whatever we do it’s OK…to be…just…just about right…Why…why take it…so seriously?” As soon as he finished this pet phrase of his, he stopped breathing.
    10. After Mr. Cha Buduo’s death, people all praise him for his way of seeing through things and his philosophical approach to life. They say that he refused to take things seriously all his life and that he was never calculating or particular about personal gains or losses. So they called him a virtuous man and honoured him with the posthumous reverent title Master of Easy-Going.
    11. His name has spread far and wide and become more and more celebrated with the passing of time. Innumerable people have come to follow his example, so that everybody has become a Mr. Cha Buduo. But, China will hence be a nation of lazybones!

    作者:胡适(1891-1962),中国著名的思想家、文学家、哲学家,以倡导白话文、领导新文化运动闻名于世。



    ------

    差不多”先生
    读书,不求甚解;
    做事,马马虎虎;
    学习,囫囵吞枣;
    做人,避重就轻。

    不求甚解 
    bùqiú-shènjiě
    •  [do not seek to understand things thoroughly;have but little knowledge (understanding) of] 
    • 指学习不认真,不求深入理解;也指了解情况不深入
    马马虎虎 
    mǎma-hūhu
    • [caleless;casual]
    • 粗心大意,不仔细
    囫囵吞枣
    húlún-tūnzǎo
    • [to do a thing without thought;read without understanding]
    • 比喻做事不加思考,笼统含混
    避重就轻 
    bìzhòng-jiùqīng
    • [avoid the heavy and choose the light;choose esier way] 
    • 躲开重要的,承担次要的,也指回避要害问题,只谈无关重要的
    -------
    yī sī bù gǒu
    Be scrupulous about every detail
    Chinese people use this idiom to praise those who do things professionally without negligence on any details.
    中国人用这个成语来指某人做事认真细致,一点儿不马虎。
    E.g
    我们在学习上,应有一丝不苟的精神。
    Wǒmen zài xuéxí shàng, yīng yǒu yīsībùgǒu de jīngshén.
    We should be meticulous in our study.

    Flawless as a heavenly robe
    天 means heaven or heavenly, 衣 is clothes; 无 is without, 缝means seams or cracks. 天衣无缝 indicates something that is as flawless as a heavenly robe; essentially purely natural and perfect. Now we use it to describe a well-conceived plan or even written work that is faultless.
    Literal meaning: something that is as flawless as a heavenly robe
    Explanation: to describe a well-conceived plan or even written work that is faultless
    E.g
    这是个天衣无缝的计划。
    zhè shì gè tiān yī wú fèng de jì huà。
    That is a flawless plan as a heavenly robe.


    ----
    段落大意:
    1
    说明差不多先生的__________
    2
    概括描写差不多先生的 __________ 和 __________ 。
    3
    指出差不多先生的 ______________ 。
    4
    __________一事, 表现差不多先生__________做事 。
    5
    借混淆__________一事,表现差不多先生不认真__________
    6
    借差​​不多先生当钱铺伙计__________一事,表现他__________马虎,敷衍塞责 。
    7
    借差​​不多先生误了__________一事,表现他的__________,以及连要紧的事都不重视。
    8-9
    借「寻医治病」一事,表现差不多先生连__________也不认真对待。
    10-11
    写差不多先生死后大家对他的称赞及仿效,__________当时国人做事马虎苟且的恶习。

    主旨
    通过描写差不多先生一生的多件__________,表现他做事__________,并__________当时国人做事马虎__________、敷衍__________的恶习。

    讨论与练习
    1      本文的第4段至第8段记述了关于差不多先生的五件事情,参阅段旨,说明作者这样安排事件的次序有什么用意?

    • 这些事件的后果__________,逐步突显差不多先生凡事____________________的特点,加强__________的效果。

    2      作者主要运用哪些描写人物的方法描写差不多先生?这些方法怎样表现差不多先生的特点?试加以说明。

    • 作者主要运用了__________描写及__________描写 的方法描写差不多先生。
    • __________描写方面,本文反覆出现差不多先生的口头禅:「…… 不是差不多吗? 」把差不多先生凡事____________________的形象呈现在读者眼前。
    • __________描写方面,作者描写差不多先生去搭火车时是「____________________地走到火车站」,看着火车开走时是「____________________」,这些动作生动地表现了差不多先生慢吞吞、____________________的形象。

    3      本文开首以「人人皆晓,处处闻名」来介绍差不多先生,为什么作者认为人们一定会认识差不多先生呢?
    A     因为差不多先生非常出名。
    B     因为各省各县各村都有一位差不多先生。
    C     因为全国人都经常提起他。
    D     因为人人身边都有做事马虎、敷衍的人。


    请回答下面的问题:

    1. 为什么作者说差不多先生是中国最有名的人?


    2. 差不多先生的样貌如何?


    3. 从哪些事情可以看出差不多先生做事马虎的性格。试举出其中两个例子。


    4. 差不多先生对人生有何看法?试举出相关例子加以说明。



    5. 作者用了哪些人物描写的手法?



    6. 你认为差不多先生的真正死亡原因是什么?


    7. 作者是否认同差不多先生的人生态度?为什么?


    8. 这篇文章讽刺了何种社会现象?


    9. 差不多先生的死是自招的吗?试以不多于40字作答。



    10. 你认同差不多先生这种人生态度吗?为什么?试以不多于40字作答。



    11. 你认为本故事所带出的意思是属于讽刺还是赞赏?为什么?



    12.除文中提及的绰号之外,你还会为差不多先生取个什么绰号?


    -------
    key:

    1
    说明差不多先生的 身份 。
    2
    概括描写差不多先生的 相貌 和 特点 。
    3
    指出差不多先生的 口头禅 。
    4
    借 买红糖 一事, 表现差不多先生 不认真做事 。
    5
    借混淆 省份 一事,表现差不多先生不认真 学习 。
    6
    借差​​不多先生当钱铺伙计 写错字 一事,表现他工作态度 马虎苟且/敷衍塞责 。
    7
    借差​​不多先生误了 火车 一事,表现他的 不守时 ,以及连要紧的事都不重视。
    8-9
    借「寻医治病」一事,表现差不多先生连 生死大事 也不认真对待。
    10-11
    写差不多先生死后大家对他的 称赞 及 仿效 , 讽刺 当时国人做事 马虎苟且 的恶习。

    主旨
    通过描写差不多先生一生的多件 事情 ,表现他做事 不认真 ,并 讽刺 当时国人做事马虎 苟且 、敷衍 塞责 的恶习。

    讨论与练习
    1      本文的第4段至第8段记述了关于差不多先生的五件事情,参阅段旨,说明作者这样安排事件的次序有什么用意?
    这些事件的后果 越来越严重 ,逐步突显差不多先生凡事 马虎苟且/敷衍塞责 的特点,加强 讽刺 的效果。

    2      作者主要运用哪些描写人物的方法描写差不多先生?这些方法怎样表现差不多先生的特点?试加以说明。
    作者主要运用了 语言描写 及 行动描写 的方法描写差不多先生。
    在 语言描写 方面,本文反覆出现差不多先生的口头禅:「…… 不是差不多吗? 」把差不多先生凡事 马虎苟且/敷衍塞责 的形象呈现在读者眼前。

    在行动描写方面,作者描写差不多先生去搭火车时是「 从从容容地走到火车站」,看着火车开走时是「 摇摇头道」,这些动作生动地表现了差不多先生慢吞吞、满不在乎的形象。

    回答问题:
    1. 为什么作者说差不多先生是中国最有名的人? (重整))
    答:因为作者说在中国,几乎所有中国人都知道这个人,而且人们口中也常常提起他。

    2. 差不多先生的样貌如何?试从文中撮取相关例子。 (撮取)
    答:他的相貌和你和我都差不多。他有一双眼睛,有两只耳朵,有鼻子和嘴,他的脑子也不小。 (多答跟样貌无关的字句,酌情扣分)

    3. 从哪些事情可以看出差不多先生做事马虎的性格。试举出其中两个例子。 (重整)
    答:买红糖变成了买白糖/把十字写成千,千字写成十/有要紧事搭火车去上海时迟了两分钟/得急病时肯让医牛的夫去替自己医治。

    4. 差不多先生对人生有何看法?试举出相关例子加以说明。 (重整)
    答:他认为「凡事只要差不多就好了,何必太认真呢!」,如他买红糖变成了买白糖/把十字写成千,千字写成十/有要紧事搭火车去上海时迟了两分钟/得急病时肯让医牛的夫去替自己医治等,均是不认真、马虎的表现。

    5. 作者用了哪些人物描写的手法?(重整)
    答:肖像/行动/语言/心理

    6. 你认为差不多先生的真正死亡原因是什么?(重整)
    答:做人态度马虎、不认真。

    7. 作者是否认同差不多先生的人生态度?为什么?(延伸)
    答:不认同。因为作者虽说差不多先生死后2大家都称赞他,但却说人人都学他,中国从此就成了一个懒人国,懒人国明显含贬义,所以可见作者其实并不认同他这种人生态度。

    8. 这篇文章讽刺了何种社会现象?(延伸)
    答:社会上很多人做事都不认真、马虎、不尽责、要求不高。

    9. 差不多先生的死是自招的吗?试以不多于40字作答。 (延伸/评鉴)
    答:同学自由作答,言之成理便可。

    10. 你认同差不多先生这种人生态度吗?为什么?试以不多于40字作答。 (评鉴)
    答:同学自由作答,言之成理便可。

    11. 你认为本故事所带出的意思是属于讽刺还是赞赏?为什么?(评鉴)
    答:同学自由作答,言之成理便可。

    12.除文中提及的绰号之外,你还会为差不多先生取个什么绰号?(创作)