Wednesday, October 28, 2020

Non-predicative adjectives (非谓 形容词)

Non-predicative adjectives:

There are many kinds of non-predicative adjectives in English. A few examples:

  • former president
  • electrical engineer
  • alleged criminal
  • main reason


In Chinese, there are non-predicative adjectives like:

男: 男老师

女: 女医生

副: 副教授

彩色: 彩色电视

初级 : 初级汉语

个别: 个别问题

共同: 共同话题

主要: 主要矛盾

高档: 高档酒店

西式: 西式早餐

冒牌: 冒牌大衣

人造: 人造奶油

大号: 大号衬衫


1. 不能用作谓语,只能用来修饰名词。例如:

男老师

l  他的老师很男。*   他的老师是男的(人)。

l  有机 水果  这个水果 是有机的(水果)

l  名牌 运动鞋  这个运动鞋 是名牌的。

l  纯棉 衬衫  这个衬衫  纯棉的。


2. 一般不能用“不”否定,大多可用“非”否定;大多不能用“很”修饰。例如:

非有机、非名牌、非纯棉 

l  这件衬衫 不纯棉。

l  这条牛仔裤 不名牌。

l  这个小白菜 不有机。*

 

3. 跟一般的形容词一样,可以加“的”组成“的”字词组,作用相当于名词,可以作主语、宾语。例如:

田老师很男。*   田老师是男的(人)。

有机 水果  这个水果 是有机的(水果)

名牌 运动鞋  这个运动鞋 是名牌的。

纯棉 衬衫  这个衬衫  纯棉的。


https://docs.google.com/document/d/1b6PTqy4A-xl7AGrH1agEi7teXc00g4vEZRt9TCOKnQY/edit?usp=sharing


Monday, October 26, 2020

看动画,学习成语故事

Questions:
1. Why didn’t the official let people address him by his own name?
2. What did his name sound like?
3. What did the announcement say? What did it really mean?
4. What did the commoners mean by 只許州官放火,不許百姓點燈 / 只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯?

Questions:

1. What did Xu Deyan give his wife?

2. Why did he separate the mirror into two parts?

3. What did he ask his wife to do in case they got separated?

4. When did they decide on to look for each other?

5. Whom did Xu Deyan meet on the street?

6. How did Xu Deyan find his wife?

7. What is 破鏡重圓 / 破镜重圆 a metaphor for?

Questions:
1. What did Mulan’s father say to her?
2. How many brothers did Mulan have?
3. Did Mulan do a good job in the army?
4. Why were her fellow soldiers surprised when Mulan returned home?
5. How did Mulan respond to people?


Questions (True/False):

1. 華陀和張仲景都是漢代的醫學家。

    华陀和张仲景都是汉代的医学家。

2. 華陀也很懂藥。

    华陀也很懂药。

 3. 張仲景認為醫生應該儘可能讓人不生病。

     张仲景认为医生应该尽可能让人不生病。

 4. 《本草綱目》和《傷寒論》一樣,都是藥物學方面的書。

     《本草纲目》和《伤寒论》一样,都是药物学方面的书。

Thursday, October 22, 2020

to think -- 想,感觉,觉得,以为,认为

There's actually a LOT of ways to express "think" in Chinese. There's also '看“, like in this sentence: 你看怎么样?(what do you think?) and 感觉(which is much like 觉得).

以为 means to "mistakenly think" something. The same way in English when you say you *thought* something, it implies that what you were thinking is in fact not true. 我以为他没有女朋友-I thought he didn't have a girlfriend. [but he actually does].

认为 is more like "believe" as in "我认为很多人住美国,可是我没去过,这就是我的想像。(I believe many people live in America, but I haven't been there. This is just my thinking.) 想 has a few meanings: to think of someone/something, to think (contemplate), to want/would like to. It is like the desire of wanting to do something, but not necessarily meaning the action will happen: 我想出去外面,可是没什么打算。-I would like to go outside, but I don't have any plans. It also means 'to think', 我在想办法:I'm thinking of a method. 我想你 - I miss you. 想 is the most flexible out of all of them because it has so many meanings. 觉得 means "to think/feel." 我觉得她很可爱- I think she is so cute[this is my opinion] 我觉得不舒服- I don't feel well.

感觉 = feel or feeling 
我感觉不到它 = I can't feel it.
我感觉好点了 = i feel better.
不好的感觉 = bad feeling

感到 = feel or realize
我感到很抱歉 = I feel sorry. or I'm sorry.

Friday, October 16, 2020

Informal Function Words and Formal Equivalents

 

Informal Function Words and Formal Equivalents
Informal WordFormal Word
把 (bǎ)将 (jiāng)
本来 (běnlái)本 (běn)
比较 (bǐ jiào)较为 (jiào wéi)
必须 (bìxū)务必 (wùbì)
并不是 (bìng bùshì)并非 (bìngfēi)
不但没 (bùdàn méi)非但 (fēidàn)
不见得 (Bùjiàn dé)、不一定 (bùyīdìng)未必(wèibì)
不用 (bùyòng)不必 (bùbì)
从来没 (cónglái méi)从未 (cóng wèi)
但是 (dàn shì)然而 (rán ér)
第一 (dì yī)首先 (shǒuxiān)
非常 (fēi cháng)及其 (jíqí)
更 (gèng)更为 (gèng wéi)
还可以 (hái kěyǐ)尚可 (shàng kě)
还没 (hái méi),还没有 (háiméiyǒu)尚未 (shàngwèi)
还是 (hái shi)仍然 (réng rán)
和 (hé)以及 (yǐjí)
很 (hěn)颇为 (pō wéi)
很难 (hěnnán)难以 (nányǐ)
竟然 (jìngrán)竟 (jìngrán)
就 (jiù)便 (biàn)
可不可以 (kěbù kěyǐ)可否 (kěfǒu)
肯定不 (kěndìng bù) 决非 (jué fēi)
马上 (mǎshàng)立刻 (lìkè)
没想到 (méi xiǎngdào)不料 (bùliǎo)
哪儿 (nǎ'er)、哪里 (nǎlǐ)何处 (hé chù)
那么 (nà me)则 (zé)
能不能 (néng bùnéng)能否 (néng fǒu)
你们的 (nǐ men de)贵 (guì)
让 (ràng)使 (shǐ)
如果 (rú guǒ)倘若 (tǎng ruò)
什么时候 (shénme shíhou)何时 (hé shí)
是不是 (shìbùshì)是否 (shìfǒu)
虽然 (suīrán) 虽 (suīrán)
所以 (suǒ yǐ)因此 (yīn cǐ)
我们的 (wǒmen de)本 (běn)
眼下 (yǎnxià)目前 (mùqián)
也许 (Yěxǔ)或许 (huòxǔ)
已经 (yǐjīng)已(yǐ)
因为 (yīnwèi)由于 (yóuyú)
怎么 (zěnme)如何 (rúhé)
这 (zhè)、这个 (zhè ge)此 (cǐ)
这 (zhè)、那 (nà)其 (qí)
真的 (zhēn de)的确 (díquè)
正好 (zhènghǎo)恰好 (qiàhǎo)
只要是 (zhǐyào shi)凡是 (fánshì)、凡 (fán)
只有 (zhǐyǒu)仅 (jǐn)
最 (zuì)最为(zuìwéi)
~左右 (zuǒyòu)约~(yuē)