的 (de) is known to the Chinese as 白勺的 (bái-sháo de) as it's composed of the characters 白 (bái) and 勺 (shoo). In this post, we are going to talk about the usages of 的 (de). In Mandarin Chinese, this strutural particle is most commonly used as a possessive modifier or a descriptive particle:
In Chinese, possession is marked with the particle 的 (de). This particle works in a similar way to 's (apostrophe "s") in English, but is used much more widely. We usually follow the pattern: Noun 1 + 的 + Noun 2, which means "Noun 1's Noun 2" (where Noun 2 belongs to Noun 1). The de particle can be used for any possessive noun or pronoun.
- 那是林先生的公司。That is Mr. Lin's company.
- 这是我的老师。This is my teacher.
- Notice that de is used after the first (pro)noun. Here is a list of possessive pronouns, which can demonstrate ownership：
- 我的 （wǒ de, my)
- 你的 (nǐ de, your - singular form)
- 他的 (tā de, his)
- 她的 (tā de, her)
- 我们的（wǒmen de, our)
- 你们的（nǐ men de, your – plural form)
- 他们的（tāmen de, their)
- 自己的（zìjǐ de, reflexive oneself’s)
- 谁的(shuí de, interrogative whose?)
- 对话：
杰克: 这是王家明的。 This is Jiaming WANG's.
大卫：家明，这是你的中文光盘吗？ Jiaming, is this your Chinese CD?
王家明：对！这是我的。Yes. This is mine.
- 这是我爸爸。
- Sometimes you don't need 的 (de) to indicate certain especially close relationships. Hence, we just use "pronoun + Noun". Here are more examples of possessive pronouns used in sentences, where the possessive particle 的 de was omitted:
- 你家很大，也很漂亮。Your house is very big and very beautiful.
- 他女朋友是我们学校的老师。His girlfriend is a teacher of our school. (You can omit 的 (de), when the possession is about a close personal relationship like family, close friends, boyfriends/girlfriends, etc.)
- 他们公司是做电子产品的。Their company makes electronic devices. (的 (de) can also omitted when the possession is about an institutional or organizational relationship, like school or workplace.)
The de particle can also used with descriptive adjectives describing objects or people as an attributive. It's just a way of connecting adjectives or other words with a noun. It gives us more information about the noun, and the 的 (de) makes it clear that the extra information is connected to the noun. A very common way to modify nouns is to attach an adjective to them using 的 (de): Adjective + 的 + Noun. This structure comes up extremely frequently to attribute features to nouns. Here are some examples:
- 他有一辆蓝色的汽车。He has a blue car.
- 这是一本很有意思的书。This is an interesting book.
- Note that if the adjective has at least two characters, the 的 (de) is generally required.
- However, with one-syllable adjective, 的 is often omitted:
- 这是一台新电脑。This is a new computer.
- 他是一个好老师。He's a good teacher.
- 我们有一个大教室。We have a big classroom.
- If the adjective is presided by 很, the descriptive particle 的 can not be dropped:
- 这是一台很新的电脑。This is a very new computer.
- 他是一个很好的老师。He's a very good teacher.
- 我们有一个很大的教室。We have a very big classroom.
In some cases, it is possible to drop the noun altogether, just with the 的 (de) particle taking the place of the noun. Based on the context, the listener can understand what the phrase is actually referring to. Often, this construction can mean "one," as in "the blue one", or as something like "mine" or "Sarah's". Here are more examples:
- A: 你要哪件大衣？ B: 我要红色的。I want the red one.
- A: 这是谁的中文书？这是你的吗？ B: 这不是我的，是大卫的。This is not mine. It's David's.
- A: 你喜欢什么样的女孩子？B: 漂亮的。The beautiful ones.
The noun modifier 的de can not only be used to link an adjective and a noun, it can attach a noun with a phrase, like 她唱的歌真好听！The song that she sang was very beautiful! You can learn about this grammatical point in this blog.
Please make dialogues according to the picture:
e.g. A: 这是谁的围巾？
B: 这是Anna的。
A: 这是Anna的袜子吗？
B: 这不是Anna的袜子，这是Megan的。
Please use three sentences to describe the picture below:
http://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Main_Page
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